Hemodynamical factors, like local pressure, velocity, wall shear stress and wall deformation play a key role in the genesis and development of atherosclerotic disease and are crucial for the well-functioning of the heart and its natural or artificial valves.
With the improvement of radiographic, ultrasound, MRI and intravascular techniques, the same hemodynamical factors are used in diagnosing the stage of cardiovascular diseases. Hemodynamical models help to understand diagnostic measurements and can predict the impact of clinical interventions like balloon angioplasty, stent or vascular prosthesis implants, bypass surgery and medication.
Medical devices like pressure and flow sensors, particularly those used for advanced diagnostic measurements like coronary catheterization are still in the development stage. Research in this area concentrates on biomechanical aspects of these systems and devices. Sophisticated models, both for the device that is studied and the physiological system it is used for, are developed to improve technology and diagnostic procedures.
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